Hot answers tagged terminology
11
The confusion originates from Sigmund Freud who initialized the field with his idea of the unconscious mind. Freud was of course Austrian, and used the terms das Unbewusste and das Vorbewusste. These are most accurately translated to unconscious and preconscious. The latter is the technical term for what you called 'subconscious'.
The word 'subcoscious' is ...
9
Your question touches on a number of different active research areas in cognitive science and cognitive neuroscience.
The motoric component to not "following and running after every thought" is commonly understood to reflect a capacity for response inhibition - that is, the ability to override or cancel ongoing or prepotent motor commands. This process is ...
9
Feeling as though you have seen a face before is perfectly normal. It may reflect actual similarities between the new face and the face you have seen before. There are people who genuinely look like each other, an example being celebrity look-a-likes. It may also reflect a commonly observed cultural/ethnic effect where people of a different ethnicity look ...
9
The problem is that this doesn't fall under any of these conditioning definitions in behaviourism because the store isn't really trying to condition a response. They're just trying to get you to do one thing once. The behavioural techniques you mention are designed so that you get an organism to make a conditioned response spontaneously whenever the ...
7
Before trying to give any sort of answer, it is important to address a common misconception. In popular culture, the terms child-molester and pedophile are often equated. Scientifically, they are not at all the same. The approximate scientific definition for a pedophile is:
an individual that has an unwavering sexual attraction to prepubescent children ...
6
There is also the related phenomenon of 'Group Polarisation' (see Myers and Lamm, 1976; Isenberg, 1986), where groups are found to make more extreme decisions and hold more extreme opinions than its constituent members. Not sure if that's specifically related to what you're looking for but I think it's important to keep in mind.
References
Isenberg, D.J. ...
6
It seems like you are talking about a number of social processes related to internalising group norms. With regards to the influence that groups can have on beliefs, check out:
internalisation
Conformity and informational influence
Norms and internalising norms.
Groups internalize norms by accepting them as reasonable and proper
standards for ...
6
This is an experiment testing the Stroop effect, named after John Ridley Stroop who studied it in 1935, and often called a Stroop experiment. It is a classic and well understood experiment and has now become a neuropsychological test for use in clinical settings, usually called the Stroop test.
6
In naïve realism, the subject acknowledges others' points of view while affirming the superiority of his/her own. Ross and Ward (1996) review the literature. I tried to write a summary of their fine paper, but I couldn't do it justice. I provide a link to it below.
In selfishness or unenlightened self-interest, the subject may consider multiple points of ...
6
Aren't you just looking for a conjunction search task?
Normally it works like this: objects are described in terms of their features (e.g., colour, shape, etc.). If you tell people to search for a target with a given colour AND shape, then this is a conjunction of features, and is termed a conjunction task.
Note that there are complex dynamics in terms of ...
5
psychological sequelae might be a word you're looking for if you forgive that it's somehow still neurobiological; it is however, not genetic or developmental or something somebody was born with:
Chronic kidney disease, for example, is sometimes a sequela of diabetes,
and neck pain is a common sequela of whiplash or other trauma to the cervical
vertebrae. ...
5
Obedience
The most famous paper dealing with this issue is Milgram's paper, called Behavioral study of obedience[1]. From the abstract:
This article describes a procedure for the study of destructive obedience in the laboratory. It consists of ordering a naive subject to administer increasingly more severe punishment to a victim in the context of a ...
5
Mirroring is when one acts like others one is in the presence of. For example, an individual may pick up inflections, wording, or mannerisms of others they spend time with. From Wikipedia:
Mirroring is common in conversation. The listeners will typically smile or frown along with the speaker. If one person throws in sports metaphors, the other will ...
5
Annoyingly, it depends what area of the research literature you happen to find yourself in. In the perception literature, the distinction lies between subliminal and supraliminal. In the memory and learning literature, the distinction lies between implicit and explicit. In dual-process decision-making theories, the distinction lies between automatic and ...
4
Akiyoshi's website answers the first of your questions. He calls it the peripheral drift illusion.
The Rotating Snakes illusion is the culmination of a long series of modifications that Akiyoshi made to enhance the peripheral drift effect, that was discovered by Fraser and Wilcox. In 2003 he wrote a paper describing his work, but admitted that all he had ...
4
I've tried looking at this image in greyscale and I still get the illusion. So it doesn't seem like the illusion relies on chromatic information. The effect is definitely weaker however, so it might be the case that the illusion relies on common properties of the colour and non-colour visual pathways (e.g., parvocellular and magnocellular), however we would ...
4
Binaural beats result from a difference between the stimulus presented to each ear. The brain tries to integrate them and the perceived low-frequency beat is an artifact of that processing. There are optical illusions that involve presenting distinct, isolated inputs to each eye, and I'd consider those the closest equivalent to binaural beats.
The apparent ...
4
A possibly relevant take on this question is provided by a computational model described in [1]. Although the main thrust of the paper is that selfish agents, by being habitual (sticking with their choices), contribute to The Common Good (in spite of themselves, so to speak), the argument is also made that habituation increases individual fitness.
...
4
The phenomenon's called the incubation effect. Wikipedia operationally defines the incubation effect as any benefit of a break during problem solving. In Wallas’ (1926) four-stage model of innovative problem solving or creativity, the incubation stage is the stage in which one takes some time away from the problem (the stages are: preparation, incubation, ...
4
The phenomena broadly makes sense in terms of information processing models of memory and cognition.
The phonological loop
For example, you could think about the phenomena in terms of a phonological loop. To Quote the Wikipedia article on Baddeley's model of working memory
The phonological loop (or "articulatory loop") as a whole deals with
sound or ...
4
Your example of no student willing to object until one objects is analagous to Asch's conformity experiments. To quote the Wikipedia article:
In a control group, with no pressure to conform to an erroneous view,
only one participant out of 35 ever gave an incorrect answer. Solomon
Asch hypothesized that the majority of participants would not conform
...
4
The closest formal term I'm aware of is Xenophobia but that term has been primarily used to describe a fear or dislike of foreign people, so I wouldn't use it in any context other than that.
I would simply use the explicit phrase fear of the unknown; general fears are often referred to in an explicit manner like that. "Fear of the unknown" written out as ...
4
binocular coordination
Linked below is a general overview of binocular coordination which also describes how, due to independent saccades events, mammalian eyes are generally not actually very well "synchronized".
Kirkby JA, Webster LA, Blythe HI, Liversedge SP. (2008) Binocular coordination during reading and non-reading tasks. Psychol Bull. 134(5):742-63
...
4
The task sounds like a match-to-sample task which is indeed used in working memory studies. In this test participants are presented with a sample stimulus and have to judge whether or not following stimuli resemble this particular stimulus. Depending on the time span between the presentation of the sample stimulus and the following stimuli this task is ...
3
There are many reasons why stated intention can differ from behaviour (e.g., see Theory of Planned Behaviour). Social desirability is one possibility. However, there are many other factors. A person may not know who they are going to vote for or may not have decided. Factors may arise between the point in time when asked and when voting occurs that change ...
3
Could you be talking about conformity:
e.g., http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conformity
and/or
groupthink http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groupthink ?
In addition to the famous Milgram studies which you may have already heard about:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milgram_experiment
There's quite a lengthy literature on these issues but those links should get ...
3
One related term I found is the bandwagon effect.
In layman’s term the bandwagon effect refers to people doing certain
things because other people are doing them, regardless of their own
beliefs, which they may ignore or override.
The general rule is that conduct or beliefs spread among people, as
fads and trends clearly do, with "the ...
3
Relevant entries from Wikipedia's list of cognitive biases:
Backfire effect - when people react to disconfirming evidence by strengthening their beliefs.
Confirmation bias - the tendency to search for or interpret information in a way that confirms one's preconceptions.
Irrational escalation [or Escalation of commitment] – the phenomenon where people ...
3
The answer depends on how you are defining cognitive science and what threshold you use to attribute that actionable component.
If you are talking about cognitive sciences in the broad sense that we use on this site, then you encompass disciplines including psychology, psychiatry, neurobiology, and so on.
This opens up a much broader set of applied fields.
...
3
Tom Boardman's suggestion in the question comments about the Law of the Instrument ("if all you've got is a hammer, everything looks like a nail") seems to capture an important aspect of this, especially with respect to illustrating that it's not necessarily done out of malice.
The simplest theoretical explanation would cast this in terms of top-down ...
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