Hot answers tagged neurogenesis
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There is a huge body of literature on axon growth cone guidance which will give you some insights into how the biology works. Unfortunately, incorporating it all into a model is probably going to make it unwieldy unless your express purpose is to model the physiology, which doesn't seem like the case.
Here are some references:
Hong K, Nishiyama M. ...
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I don't know of any NN algorithms that match your definition entirely, and I have looked for them (previously and recently). Here are some papers that I think are close or in the direction that you are exploring.
Using theoretical models to analyze neural development (review)
An Instruction Language for Self-Construction in the Context of Neural Networks
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For the dentate gyrus, which is probably more closely analogous to a feedforward hidden layer in a memory network, here are some answers:
Axon and dendrite connectivity is essentially local and can probably be assumed to be initially random within that local region. That is, a neuron integrating into the DG at the midpoint (along the long hippocampal ...
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