# Tag Info

9

Here are a few options. I have not tried them yet personally. LBA Scott Brown has a copy of Donkin et al (2009) on his web page with some code in R, Excel, and WinBUGS for fitting the LBA model: http://www.newcl.org/publications/DonkinAverellEtAl2009BRM.pdf http://www.newcl.org/members/chris/fitLBA.zip Diffusion model The Diffussion model is ...

8

The major neural models of consciousness at the moment roughly fall into two camps: cognitive and phenomenological. They are defined by controversy surrounding what types of experience qualify as concious. Cognitive models On the one hand there are strong cognitive models of consciousness, such as the one proposed by Stanislas Dehaene, where consciousness ...

7

Dehaene & Changeux (1991) made a neural-network model: The coding units are clusters of neurons organized in layers, or assemblies. A sensonmotor loop enables the network to sort the input cards according to several criteria (color, form, etc.). A higher-level assembly of rule-coding clusters codes for the currently tested rule, which shifts when ...

7

One common way of framing numerical cognition is in terms of a "mental number line". This mental number line is thought to have a logarithmic scale, so perceived differences are inversely proportional to their magnitude. For example, the difference between 6 and 7 is perceived as bigger than the difference between 76 and 77. This is just a variant of the ...

6

There are several such models in the field of auditory perception. For example Patterson 1996 [1] suggests a model that starts with a simulation of the cochlea and the neural activity and reaches up to perception; Winkler 2006 [2] reviews the process of auditory perception, again from the cochlea up to perception. Somewhat old and does not mention a ...

6

From personal observation, the consensus seems to be that the two streams hypothesis is an oversimplification of the truth, albeit a useful one. The primary reason that this hypothesis is seen as an oversimplification is because there is a lot of cross-talk between the two streams. For example, Zanon et al. (2010) provides evidence for functional ...

6

Humans actually exhibit both slow and fast learning and they have somewhat different properties. One distinction is between "declarative" memory (for example, facts like "tigers have stripes" or "Paris is the capital of France") and "procedural" learning (such as perceptuo-motor skills like riding a bike or playing a musical instrument). Declarative memory ...

5

Reward systems are one of the most actively studied topics in (cognitive) neuroscience and prediction error - that is, deviations from expected "future" reward - play a big role in that. Since you're particularly interested in models, I recommend checking out the work of Matt Botvinick and Nathaniel Daw. Here are a few papers that might be good starting ...

5

Wickens et al. (2003) is the earliest I'm aware of: Wickens, C. D., Goh, J., Helleberg, J., Horrey, W. J., & Talleur, D. A. (2003). Attentional models of multitask pilot performance using advanced display technology. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 45(3), 360-380. Actually, in that paper he cites ...

5

I and other colleagues have published a paper on the cognitive impacts of MMORPGs: Link to full text here The work also reviews some of the literature regarding the psychology of computer games and a new framework for the understanding of cognition in the digital age. I hope this helps. Abstract: The present paper attempts to empirically study the ...

5

Consider the colour visual system. Take 3 monochromatic (in the physics sense) light sources of wavelength $420 \; nm$, $534 \; nm$, and $564 \; nm$; i.e. the peaks of spectral sensitivity for cones. Your 3 physical parameters are then 3 knobs $b$, $g$, $r$ that control the intensity of each light source as they shine on the same white surface. If you want ...

5

Your question is predicated on the assumption that Bayesian modeling has been successful in all domains. I think this is a stance that many (except hardened Bayesians) would disagree with. For instance, consider the classic Tversky & Shafir experiments on the violation of the sure thing principle: What are popular rationalist responses to Tversky & ...

5

One of Koch's collaborators, Francis Crick (yes, that Francis Crick, much later in his career), put forth an interesting theory with Koch that while perhaps is a bit far fetched, it's worth mentioning for sake of a slightly different perspective. Crick and Koch posited the claustrum (see diagram below) as one of the seats of consciousness in the brain. As ...

5

The ability to discretize numbers seems to depend on having words for discrete numbers. But humans seem to be able to estimate, regardless of linguistic constraints. As a cool counterexample to "typical educated adults" as evidence for exact, symbolic representation of number, the Pirahã people of Brazil do not have words for numbers and do not seem to ...

5

To my knowledge, there is no adjusted RMSD. RMSD, unlike $R^2$, isn't typically used to compare models across the literature. $R^2$ represents the proportion of variance explained by the model, a construct which translates well across different experimental designs. Adjusted $R^2$ distorts this by accounting for the number of parameters in your model, but ...

4

Nick Yee in Palo Alto is doing a lot of work with second-life and other virtual worlds looking at mostly social psychological questions. He seems to be making use of the full range of data available in the virtual world as you suggest above. Google Scholar search: author:yee "second-life"

4

As others have already noted this doesn't seem like a positivity effect. However, what you are describing is an asymmetry in search. This means that it's easy to do things one way (looking for a specific feature) than the other (looking for the absence of a specific feature). There's a great introduction and review of the literature relating to this ...

4

For the diffusion model, there is also Eric-Jan Wagenmakers' "EZ-diffusion model", which you can find here. This paper compares three different pieces of software for estimation of diffusion model parameters: von Ravenzwaaij D., & Oberauer, K. (2009). How to use the diffusion model: Parameter recovery of three methods: EZ, fast-dm, and DMAT. ...

4

The tongue is made up of a surface area of about five different types of taste receptor. They are: salt sour bitter sweet unami These inputs are handled by your gustatory system which can certainly parallel process them. You may know or have heard of combinations of them. Sweet n Sour, Sweet and Salty. The facial nerve (VII) carries taste ...

4

This question might be better handled by biology.SE. I think the short answer is that there are many pain receptors around the skull. From wikipedia: The brain tissue itself is not sensitive to pain because it lacks pain receptors. Rather, the pain is caused by disturbance of the pain-sensitive structures around the brain. Nine areas of the head and ...

3

Unfortunately, in psychology and cognitive sciences (and some parts of neuroscience) absolutely no mathematical training is given beyond the highschool level (intro stats, basics of linear algebra in $\mathbb{R}^2$ and $\mathbb{R}^3$, and intro calc). To make this relatable, I will compare understanding dynamics sytems to literature, where you have 3 levels: ...

3

Have you read this: Fishbein, M., Middlestadt, S. (1995) Noncognitive Effects on Attitude Formation and Change: Fact or Artifact? Journal of Consumer Psychology, 4(2),181-202. [DOI] Direct quote from page 187: Note that the psychology of the double negative is an essential part of an expectancy-value formulation (Ajzen & Fishbein, 1980; Fishbein, ...

3

I wouldnt call it a positivity effect. Its rather a "semantic congruity" effect. Selection tasks in which the subject is supposed to select an option with a particular property are quicker than those in which she is supposed to select an option without the property. However, rejection tasks in in which she is supposed to select an option with the property ...

3

There are at least 3 ways to discount SSE (or RMSE) by the number of free params: $$\text{adjusted RMSE} = \sqrt{\frac{SSE}{n - k}}$$ $$AIC = n \times ln\left(\frac{SSE}{n}\right) - k \times ln(n)$$ $$BIC = n \times ln\left(\frac{SSE}{n}\right) - 2 \times k$$ or in computer code style: k = number of free params n = number of DV's SSE = sum of ...

2

From my social psychology perspective, there has been some computational modelling work on things like attitudinal influence dynamics. See: Nowak, A., Szamrej, J., & Latané, B. (1990). From private attitude to public opinion: a dynamic theory of social impact. Psychological Review, 97, 362-476. Robin Vallacher and Andrzej Nowak crop up a lot in this ...

2

Primacy is one of several memory phenomenon often associated with serial recall--the other most common being the recency effect. There have been several computational models which attempt to establish an integrated account of serial recall (list memory). I will briefly cover to two such models, one ACT-R and one connectionist model. ACT-R ACT-R is a hybrid ...

2

I think you misunderstood, in a lot of ways, what Haag & Nagel (2000; what you call Paper 1) did and how Arens, Gerber & Nagel (2008; Paper 2) extended it. Fig. 1 of AGN08 is a good summary of HN00. What HN00 did was build a system that could watch a video of an intersection, detect cars, and translate the car behavior into a conceptual framework. As ...

2

My colleagues have applied the COVIS model of category learning to the WCST. COVIS isn't a model of WCST performance per se, but can account for several known phenomena. See this Google Scholar search: http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=Helie+Paul+ashby&btnG=&as_sdt=1%2C5&as_sdtp=

2

There is a huge amount of research on this topic, particularly in developmental psychology. Siegler: As @Joel has noted, Robert S. Siegler provides a great entry point into this literature (see his list of selected publications with PDFs). He has done a lot of research on the strategies that children use to solve mathematical problems. His research includes ...

2

I think "teaching of high-level strategies will allow students to use learned strategies across different domains" is the very rationale of mathematics. Math gives very good examples of both abstract strategies for solving problems across different domains and also specific, explicit strategies. You don't seem to want the abstract strategies, but if you ...

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